Nūhou 'Oihana: Ka Mea Wafer Li'ili'i loa o ka Honua

He mau ʻōnaehana hana semiconductor ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hoʻohana ana i nā wafers 0.5-inihi, e hōʻemi nui ana i ka unahi hana a me ka hoʻopukapuka kālā e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā wafers 12-iniha kuʻuna. ʻO ka hoʻopukapuka kālā no kēia mea hana hana ma kahi o 500 miliona yen (ma kahi o 23.8 miliona RMB), hiki i nā SME a me nā mea hoʻomaka ke hoʻomaka i ka hana semiconductor me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

Hiki ke huli ʻia ke kumu o ka ʻenehana wafer fab liʻiliʻi i kahi papahana noiʻi i hoʻomaka ʻia e ka National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) ma Iapana ma 2008. Ua manaʻo kēia papahana e hana i kahi ʻano hou i ka hana semiconductor ma o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole. , hana liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hoʻolālā, i alakaʻi ʻia e Iapana's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, i komo i ka hui pū ʻana ma waena o 140 mau ʻoihana Iapana a me nā hui e hoʻomohala i kahi hanauna hou o nā ʻōnaehana hana, me ka manaʻo e hōʻemi nui i nā kumukūʻai a me nā pale ʻenehana, e ʻae ana i nā mea hana automotive a me nā mea hana hale e hana i nā semiconductor. a me nā mea ʻike e pono ai lākou.

**Pono o ka ʻenehana Wafer Fab liʻiliʻi:**

1. **Ke hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hoʻokomo kālā:** ʻO nā mea hana wafer nui maʻamau e koi aku i nā hoʻopukapuka kālā ma mua o nā haneli haneli o ka yen, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana no nā papa wafer liʻiliʻi he 1/100 a 1/1000 wale nō o ia nui. No ka mea liʻiliʻi kēlā me kēia hāmeʻa, ʻaʻohe pono o nā wahi hana nui a i ʻole photomasks no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kaapuni, e hōʻemi nui ana i nā kumukūʻai hana.

2. **Nā Hoʻohālike Hoʻohua ʻano maʻalahi a me nā ʻano like ʻole: ** ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka wafer fabs e nānā i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano huahana liʻiliʻi. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano hana i nā SMEs a me nā mea hoʻomaka e hana wikiwiki a hana e like me kā lākou makemake, e hālāwai ana i ka noi mākeke no nā huahana semiconductor maʻamau a like ʻole.

3. **Nā Kaʻina Hana Hana Maʻalahi:** He ʻano like a me ka nui o nā mea hana i loko o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi no nā kaʻina hana a pau, a ʻo nā pahu lawe wafer (nā kaʻa kaʻa) no kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu. Ma muli o ka hana ʻana o nā mea hana a me nā kaʻa i kahi maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻohe pono e mālama i nā lumi maʻemaʻe nui. Hoʻemi nui kēia hoʻolālā i nā kumukūʻai hana a me ka paʻakikī ma o ka ʻenehana maʻemaʻe kūloko a me nā kaʻina hana maʻalahi.

4. **Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana o ka hale: ** ʻO nā mea hana ma nā ʻāpana wafer liʻiliʻi e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hiki ke hana ma ka mana AC100V hale maʻamau. Hiki i kēia hiʻohiʻona ke hoʻohana i kēia mau mea hana i nā kaiapuni ma waho o nā lumi maʻemaʻe, e hōʻemi hou ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā kumukūʻai hana.

5. **Nā Pōkole Hana Hoʻopōkole:** Pono ka hana semiconductor nui i ka manawa kali lōʻihi mai ka hoʻouna ʻana a hiki i ka hoʻouna ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hiki ke hana i ka manawa o ka nui o nā semiconductor i makemake ʻia i loko o ka manawa i makemake ʻia. ʻIke ʻia kēia pōmaikaʻi i nā kahua e like me ka Internet of Things (IoT), e koi ana i nā huahana semiconductor liʻiliʻi.

**Hōʻike a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana:**

Ma ka hōʻike "CEATEC 2024", ua hōʻike ka Minimum Wafer Fab Promotion Organization i ke kaʻina hana lithography me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana semiconductor ultra-liʻiliʻi. I ka wā o ka hōʻikeʻike, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻekolu mīkini e hōʻike i ke kaʻina hana lithography, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pale ʻana i ka uhi ʻana, ka ʻike, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Ua paʻa ka pahu lawe wafer (shuttle) ma ka lima, waiho ʻia i loko o nā mea hana, a hoʻāla ʻia me ke kaomi ʻana i kahi pihi. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana, lawe ʻia ka shuttle a hoʻonoho ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao aʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia ke kūlana kūloko a me ka holomua o kēlā me kēia hāmeʻa ma kā lākou mau monitor.

I ka pau ʻana o kēia mau kaʻina hana ʻekolu, ua nānā ʻia ka wafer ma lalo o kahi microscope, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano me nā huaʻōlelo "Happy Halloween" a me kahi kiʻi paʻi. ʻAʻole i hōʻike wale kēia hōʻike i ka hiki o ka ʻenehana wafer fab liʻiliʻi akā ua hōʻike pū i kona maʻalahi a me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe.

Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomaka kekahi mau ʻoihana e hoʻokolohua me ka ʻenehana wafer fab liʻiliʻi. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Yokogawa Solutions, kahi ʻāpana o Yokogawa Electric Corporation, i nā mīkini hana maʻalahi a nani hoʻi, e like me ka nui o ka mīkini kūʻai mea inu, ua lako kēlā me kēia me nā hana no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hoʻomehana, a me ka ʻike. Hoʻokumu maikaʻi kēia mau mīkini i kahi laina hana semiconductor, a ʻo ka palena liʻiliʻi i koi ʻia no kahi laina hana "mini wafer fab" ʻo ia wale nō ka nui o nā pā tennis ʻelua, ʻo 1% wale nō o ka ʻāpana o kahi 12-inch wafer fab.

Eia nō naʻe, paʻakikī nā mea wafer liʻiliʻi i kēia manawa e hoʻokūkū me nā hale hana semiconductor nui. ʻO nā hoʻolālā kaʻapuni ʻoi loa, ʻoi loa i nā ʻenehana kaʻina holomua (e like me 7nm a ma lalo), e hilinaʻi mau nei i nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā mana hana nui. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kaʻina wafer 0.5-inihi o ka liʻiliʻi loa no ka hana ʻana i nā mea maʻalahi, e like me nā sensors a me MEMS.

He kumu hoʻohālike hou loa no ka hana semiconductor. Hōʻike ʻia e ka miniaturization, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, a me ka maʻalahi, manaʻo ʻia lākou e hāʻawi i nā manawa mākeke hou no nā SMEs a me nā ʻoihana hou. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka liʻiliʻi o ka wafer fabs e ʻike nui ʻia i nā wahi noi kikoʻī e like me IoT, sensors, a me MEMS.

I ka wā e hiki mai ana, i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana a hoʻonui hou ʻia, hiki ke lilo i mea ikaika nui i ka ʻoihana hana semiconductor. ʻAʻole lākou e hāʻawi wale i nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi me nā manawa e komo ai i kēia kahua akā hiki ke hoʻololi i nā loli i ka hoʻolālā kumukūʻai a me nā hiʻohiʻona hana o ka ʻoihana holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia pahuhopu e koi ʻia nā hana hou aʻe i ka ʻenehana, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā talena, a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka kaiaola.

I ka wā lōʻihi, hiki i ka hoʻolaha kūleʻa ʻana o ka liʻiliʻi o ka wafer fabs ke loaʻa i kahi hopena nui i ka ʻoihana semiconductor holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻolako ʻana i ke kaulahao hoʻolako, ka maʻalahi o ke kaʻina hana, a me ka mālama kumu kūʻai. ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o kēia ʻenehana e kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hana hou a me ka holomua i ka ʻoihana semiconductor honua.