He ʻekolu mau ʻanuʻu e hoʻokomo i ka ʻelepani i loko o ka pahu hau. No laila pehea ʻoe e hoʻokomo ai i kahi puʻu one i loko o kahi kamepiula?
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka mea a mākou e ʻōlelo nei ʻaʻole ke one ma kahakai, akā ʻo ke one maka i hana ʻia i nā ʻāpana. Pono ke kaʻina hana paʻakikī "Mining one to make chips".
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 1: Loaʻa i nā mea maka
Pono e koho i ke one kūpono i mea maka. ʻO ka mea nui o ke one maʻamau ʻo ia ka silicon dioxide (SiO₂), akā he kiʻekiʻe loa ka hana ʻana o ka chip i ka maʻemaʻe o ka silicon dioxide. No laila, koho ʻia ke one quartz me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā haumia.
KaʻAnuʻu 2: Hoʻololi i nā mea maka
No ka unuhi ʻana i ke kilikaka ultra-maʻemaʻe mai ke one, pono e hui ʻia ke one me ka pauka magnesium, hoʻomehana ʻia i ka wela kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻemi ʻia ka silicon dioxide i ke silikona maʻemaʻe ma o ka hopena hoʻemi kemika. A laila e hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou ʻia ma o nā kaʻina hana kemika e loaʻa ai ke silika uila me ka maʻemaʻe a hiki i 99.9999999%.
Ma hope aʻe, pono e hoʻolilo ʻia ka silika uila i loko o ka silika aniani hoʻokahi e hōʻoia i ka pono o ke ʻano aniani o ka mea hana. Hana ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ke kilika maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe i kahi kūlana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, e hoʻokomo ana i kahi aniani hua, a laila kahuli mālie a huki ʻia e hana i kahi silikona kristal hoʻokahi cylindrical.
ʻO ka hope, ʻokiʻoki ʻia ka pahu silika aniani hoʻokahi i mau ʻāpana lahilahi loa me ka ʻike uea daimana a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā wafers e hōʻoia i ka ʻili a me ka hala ʻole.
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 3: Hana Hana
ʻO Silicon kahi mea nui o nā mea hana kamepiula. Hoʻohana nā ʻenehana i nā mea ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā mīkini photolithography e hana pinepine i ka photolithography a me nā ʻanuʻu etching e hana i nā papa o nā kaapuni a me nā mea hana ma nā wafer silika, e like me "kūkulu hale." Hiki i kēlā me kēia wafer silika ke hoʻokipa i nā haneli a i ʻole mau kaukani paha.
A laila, hoʻouna ka fab i nā wafers i hoʻopau ʻia i kahi mea kanu i hana mua ʻia, kahi i ʻoki ai kahi daimana i nā wafer silika i mau tausani o nā ʻāpana ʻāpana like ʻole e like me ka nui o ka manamana lima, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea he chip. A laila, koho ka mīkini hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana kūpono, a ma hope e kau ai kekahi mīkini iā lākou ma luna o kahi pahu a hoʻouna iā lākou i kahi mea kanu hoʻāʻo.
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 4: Packaging hope
Ma ka hale paʻi a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, hana nā technicians i nā hoʻokolohua hope loa ma kēlā me kēia chip e hōʻoia i ka hana maikaʻi a mākaukau no ka hoʻohana. Inā hele nā ʻāpana i ka hoʻāʻo, kau ʻia lākou ma waena o kahi wela wela a me kahi substrate e hana i kahi pūʻolo piha. Ua like kēia me ke kau ʻana i kahi "ʻaʻahu pale" ma ka chip; ʻO ka pōʻai waho e pale i ka puʻupuʻu mai ka pōʻino, ka wela, a me ka haumia. I loko o ke kamepiula, hana kēia pūʻolo i kahi pilina uila ma waena o ka chip a me ka papa kaapuni.
E like me ia, pau nā ʻano huahana chip e hoʻokele i ka honua ʻenehana!
INTEL AME HANA
I kēia lā, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea maka i nā mea pono a i ʻole nā mea waiwai ma o ka hana ʻana he mea hoʻokele koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻokele honua. ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā waiwai hou aku me ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o nā hola kanaka a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana holoʻokoʻa hiki ke hoʻonui i ka waiwai o ka huahana. Ke hoʻonui nei nā ʻoihana i nā huahana i ka wikiwiki, hoʻonui ka loaʻa kālā ma ke kaulahao ʻoihana.
ʻO ka hana ʻana ma ke kumu o Intel.
Hana ʻo Intel i nā ʻāpana semiconductor, nā pahu kiʻi kiʻi, nā chipset motherboard, a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe. Ke lilo nei ka hana semiconductor i mea paʻakikī, ʻo Intel kekahi o nā hui liʻiliʻi o ka honua e hiki ke hoʻopau i ka hoʻolālā ʻokiʻoki a me ka hana ʻana i loko o ka hale.
Mai ka makahiki 1968, ua lanakila nā ʻenekinia a me nā ʻepekema Intel i nā pilikia kino o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā transistors hou aʻe i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia pahuhopu, pono ia i kahi hui honua nui, nā ʻōnaehana ʻoihana alakaʻi, a me kahi kaiaola kaiaola lako lako.
Ke ulu nei ka ʻenehana hana semiconductor o Intel i kēlā me kēia makahiki. E like me ka wānana a Moore's Law, ʻo kēlā me kēia hanauna o nā huahana e lawe mai i nā hiʻohiʻona hou aʻe a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikehu pono, a hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o kahi transistor hoʻokahi. He nui nā hale hana wafer a me nā mea ho'āʻo hōʻailona ʻo Intel ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e hana ana i kahi pūnaewele puni honua maʻalahi.
HANA A ME KE OLA
He mea nui ka hana ʻana i ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO nā mea a mākou e hoʻopā ai, hilinaʻi, hauʻoli a ʻai i kēlā me kēia lā e pono ai ka hana ʻana.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea maka i nā mea paʻakikī, ʻaʻohe mea uila, nā mea hana, nā kaʻa, a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ola, palekana, a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-03-2025