ʻEkolu mau ʻanuʻu e pono ai e hoʻokomo i kahi ʻelepani i loko o kahi pahu hau. No laila pehea ʻoe e hoʻokomo ai i kahi puʻu one i loko o kahi kamepiula?
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka mea a mākou e kuhikuhi nei ma ʻaneʻi, ʻaʻole ia ke one ma ke kahakai, akā, ke one maka i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻuala palai. Pono ke kaʻina hana paʻakikī no ka "ʻeli ʻana i ke one e hana i nā ʻuala palai".
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 1: E kiʻi i nā mea maka
Pono e koho i ke one kūpono ma ke ʻano he mea maka. ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o ke one maʻamau ka silicon dioxide (SiO₂), akā he kiʻekiʻe loa nā koi o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana i ka maʻemaʻe o ka silicon dioxide. No laila, ʻo ke one quartz me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka emi ʻana o nā haumia e koho pinepine ʻia.
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 2: Hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea maka
No ka unuhi ʻana i ka silicon maʻemaʻe loa mai ke one, pono e hui pū ʻia ke one me ka pauka magnesium, e hoʻomehana ʻia i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻemi ʻia ka silicon dioxide i silicon maʻemaʻe ma o kahi hopena hoʻemi kemika. A laila hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou ʻia ma o nā kaʻina hana kemika ʻē aʻe e loaʻa ai ka silicon papa uila me ka maʻemaʻe a hiki i ka 99.9999999%.
ʻO ka mea aʻe, pono e hana ʻia ka silicon papa uila i silicon kristal hoʻokahi e hōʻoia i ka pono o ke ʻano kristal o ka mea hana. Hana ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka silicon maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe i kahi mokuʻāina heheʻe, e hoʻokomo i kahi kristal hua, a laila e hoʻohuli mālie a huki iā ia e hana i kahi ingot silicon kristal hoʻokahi cylindrical.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua ʻoki ʻia ka ingot silicon kristal hoʻokahi i loko o nā wafers lahilahi loa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoki uea daimana a ua hoʻopili ʻia nā wafers e hōʻoia i kahi ʻili laumania a kīnā ʻole.
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 3: Kaʻina Hana Hana
He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ʻo Silicon o nā mea hana kamepiula. Hoʻohana nā loea i nā lako ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā mīkini photolithography e hana pinepine i nā ʻanuʻu photolithography a me ke kālai ʻana e hana i nā papa o nā kaapuni a me nā mea hana ma nā wafers silicon, e like me ke "kūkulu ʻana i hale." Hiki i kēlā me kēia wafer silicon ke hoʻokipa i nā haneli a i ʻole nā kaukani he nui.
A laila hoʻouna ka fab i nā wafers i hoʻopau ʻia i kahi hale hana hana mua, kahi e ʻoki ai kahi ʻoki daimana i nā wafers silicon i nā tausani o nā huinahā pākahi e like me ka nui o kahi kui, ʻo kēlā me kēia he ʻāpana. A laila, koho kahi mīkini hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana i kūpono, a ʻo ka hope loa, kau kekahi mīkini iā lākou ma kahi wili a hoʻouna iā lākou i kahi hale hana hoʻopili a hoʻāʻo.
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 4: Ka Hoʻopili Hope Loa
Ma ka hale hoʻopili a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, hana nā loea i nā hoʻokolohua hope loa ma kēlā me kēia chip e hōʻoia i ka hana maikaʻi ʻana a ua mākaukau no ka hoʻohana ʻana. Inā hala nā chips i ka hoʻāʻo, hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou ma waena o kahi poho wela a me kahi substrate e hana i kahi pūʻolo piha. Ua like kēia me ke kau ʻana i kahi "ʻaʻahu pale" ma ka chip; pale ka pūʻolo waho i ka chip mai ka hōʻino, ka wela nui ʻana, a me ka haumia. I loko o ke kamepiula, hana kēia pūʻolo i kahi pilina uila ma waena o ka chip a me ka papa kaapuni.
Pēlā nō, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻano huahana chip āpau e hoʻokele nei i ke ao ʻenehana!
ʻO INTEL A ME KA HANA ʻANA
I kēia lā, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea maka i nā mea pono a waiwai nui paha ma o ka hana ʻana he mea hoʻokele koʻikoʻi ia o ka hoʻokele waiwai honua. ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā waiwai hou aku me nā mea liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā hola hana liʻiliʻi a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono o ke kahe hana hiki ke hoʻonui hou aku i ka waiwai o ka huahana. Ke hana nei nā ʻoihana i nā huahana hou aku ma ka wikiwiki, piʻi ka loaʻa kālā ma ke kaulahao ʻoihana.
ʻO ka hana ʻana ke kikowaena o Intel.
Hana ʻo Intel i nā ʻāpana semiconductor, nā ʻāpana kiʻi, nā chipset motherboard, a me nā mea hana kamepiula ʻē aʻe. I ka lilo ʻana o ka hana semiconductor i mea paʻakikī, ʻo Intel kekahi o nā hui kakaikahi ma ka honua e hiki ke hoʻopau i ka hoʻolālā ʻoi loa a me ka hana ʻana i loko o ka hale.
Mai ka makahiki 1968, ua lanakila nā ʻenekinia a me nā kānaka ʻepekema o Intel i nā pilikia kino o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā transistors hou aʻe i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia pahuhopu e pono ai kahi hui honua nui, kahi ʻōnaehana hale hana alakaʻi, a me kahi ʻōnaehana kaulahao lako ikaika.
Hoʻololi ka ʻenehana hana semiconductor a Intel i kēlā me kēia mau makahiki. E like me ka wānana a ke kānāwai ʻo Moore, lawe mai kēlā me kēia hanauna o nā huahana i nā hiʻohiʻona hou aʻe a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka ikehu, a hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o hoʻokahi transistor. He nui nā hale hana hana wafer a me nā hale hoʻāʻo hoʻopili a Intel a puni ka honua, e hana ana ma kahi pūnaewele honua maʻalahi loa.
KA HANA ʻANA A ME KE OLA O KĒIA LĀ
He mea nui ka hana ʻana i ko kākou ola o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO nā mea a kākou e hoʻopā ai, hilinaʻi ai, hauʻoli ai a hoʻopau ai i kēlā me kēia lā, pono e hana ʻia.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea maka i nā mea paʻakikī, ʻaʻohe mea uila, nā mīkini hana, nā kaʻa, a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ka palekana, a me ka maʻalahi o ke ola.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Pepeluali-03-2025